Tsonga language page

Classification and where spoken

Tsonga is an all-inclusive name for the Tswa-Ronga or Tonga Group of Bantu (Guthrie S50). These dialects or languages (see Dialect Survey below) are spoken in Mozambique, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

Number of speakers

Grimes (1996) gives a figure of 3,165,000 speakers of Tsonga. Louw and Baumbach (personal communication, 1983) note three million Tsonga speakers in Mozambique and 800,000 in South Africa. UBS (1982) notes 889,000 Tsonga speakers in South Africa and 600,000 in Zambia. Alexandre (1981) suggests a figure greater than 1.25 million. Grimes (1996; citing the 1980 Mozambique census) reports 695,212 Tswa speakers.

Usage

Tsonga is an important regional language.

Orthographic status

Shagaan, Tshwa, and Tsonga each have their own orthographies.

Sets of learning materials

The existence of three separate orthographies would require at least three sets of materials.