Gbaya/Banda language page

Classification and where spoken

Gbaya encompasses those languages belonging to the Gbaya-Mandja-Ngbaka group of Adamawa Eastern (Adamawa-Oubangian), spoken in the Central African Republic, eastern Cameroon, and northeastern Zaire.

Number of speakers

Figures range from 300,000 to a high of one million speakers as shown below:

C.A.R.
Cameroon
Zaire
Total
Source
500,000
?
200,000
1,000,000
Noss, p.c., 1986
     
510,000
Bouquiaux, 1978
     
300,000
Voegelin and Voegelin, 1971
     
300,000
Grimes, 1978

Usage

Noss (personal communication, 1986) states there is considerable dialect variation in Gbaya, with some of the dialects being mutually unintelligible in Cameroon alone. Yaayuwee and Bangando, for example, only share 74 percent of their basic vocabulary. Moņino is presently preparing a reconstruction of Proto-Gbaya, which includes dialect delineation. Tucker and Bryan (1956) consider Gbaya along with Manja and Mbaka (Ngbaka [Ma'bo]), sometimes termed "languages," to be dialects of the same language. Noss and Fr. M. Campagna are preparing a lexicon in four Cameroonian dialects (Yaayuwee, Lai, Dooka, and Mbodomo) of Gbaya using 2,000 basic words with French equivalents.

Orthographic status

Noss (personal communication, 1986) reports that "an orthography has been established for a number of dialects, including Yaayuwee, Bangando, Ngbaka, and others."

Sets of learning materials

Given the considerable dialect variation, the likelihood that Gbaya is actually a cluster of languages, and the lack of an encompassing dialect survey, it is unclear at this time how many sets of materials would be sufficient. Noss reports that most of the pedagogical materials available are based on Yaayuwee.