Occasional papers

Central Asia and Azerbaijan: Falling Far Short on the 60th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Eric Freedman, International Studies and Programs, School of Journalism and Timur Kocaoglu, Center for Strategic Studies, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey

Whither Soviet History?: Some Reflections on Recent Anglophone Historiography"
Lewis H. Siegelbaum, Department of History, Michigan State University
Brown Bag at Center for European and Russian Studies, March 20, 2009
NB: This is a first (and very rough) draft that I am making available to provoke thought and comment. Please do not quote without my permission. Comments and suggestions should be sent to me at siegelba@msu.edu

In September 1990,  President George H.W. Bush, echoing Wilsonian sentiments of nearly a century before,  called for a New World Order.   Believing as others did back then that the end of the Cold War between the US and USSR offered real promise for ... (pp.1-52). For the complete paper, visit From Wary Collaboration to Wary Competition
(Paper prepared for presentation at the Conference in celebration of 200 years of Russia-U.S. Diplomatic Relations, November 8-9, 2007, Moscow.)  

Abstract
...Neither the United Nations system nor the European Union has emerged as an effective alternative institutional approach to the chief political and security challenges facing Eurasia.  Accordingly, NATO has ... (p.2)
Introduction
In September 1990,  President George H.W. Bush, echoing Wilsonian sentiments of nearly a century before,  called for a New World Order.  Believing as others did back then that the end of the Cold War between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. offered real promise for ... (pp.3-5)
The Theoretical and Historical Context
Even before the Fall of 1989, David Calleo rejected the viability of the NATO Alliance as structured at that time, finding both the options of more effective burden-sharing and disengagement inadequate, and thus calling for ... (pp.5-10)
International Institutions in Europe and Eurasia after the Cold War
The decade after the end of the cold war has radically reshaped the institutional configuration in Europe. Some international institutions have disappeared (Warsaw Treaty, CMEA); others had to adapt themselves to the ... (pp.11-27)
The "Institutional" Response to 9-11, Iraq and North Korea
On September 12, 2001, the 19 members of the NATO alliance took the extraordinary (first time ever) step to invoke Article 5 of the Washington Treaty.   Article 5 provides that "an armed attack against one or more of them [the Parties] in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against ... (pp.28-32)
Has the NATO-Russia Council  Made a Difference?
The NATO-Russia Council (NRC) was established with the Rome Declaration, “NATO-Russia Relations:  A New Quality,”  at a meeting of Heads of State and Government, May 28, 2002.  It has been a useful forum for improving NATO-Russian relations, conducting meetings and joint training exercises ever sense.  Topics of mutual interest include: ... (pp.32-34)
U.S. –Russian Collaboration on Arms Control
A brief look at issues of arms control and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction illustrates the ups and downs, as well as the continued importance, of US-Russian cooperation.  Arms control, especially ... (pp.34-40)
Conclusions
Despite numerous predictions and prescriptions, NATO has not been disbanded.  Indeed, it can be argued that in some ways it is stronger now than during the Cold War. The Alliance’s decision June 12, 2003 to support U.S. proposals to reorganize ... (pp.40-42)
REFERENCES
Albright, Madeleine. 1998. Remarks Before the New Atlantic Initiative Conference. Washington DC, February 9.
Anderson, Lisa.  Transitions to Democracy.  1999.  New York:  Columbia University Press.
Andor, Laszlo and Summers, Martin. 1998. Market Failure: A Guide to the East European ‘Economic Miracle’. London-Chicago: Pluto Press. ... (pp.43-51)
Notes (p.52)

Implementing and Enforcing Regional Environmental Policies in Comparative Perspective
by  Norman A. Graham (CERS, James Madison College, Michigan State University),   Anna K. Graham (Attorney at Law)

The struggle for a comprehensive EU Constitution raised attention to the challenge of focusing initiatives in “technical” or practical cooperation that are both closer to the real (albeit prosaic) interests of European citizens and  worthy of serious attention in the near term. EU member states increasingly confront the realities of ...(pp.1-36) For the complete paper , visit Environmental Challenges Policy Rev
(Paper prepared for presentation at the Annual Conference of the International Studies Association, March 26-29, 2008, San Francisco.)

Introduction 
... but progress has thus far been in fits and starts, with much left to be done, particularly in national implementation,  inspection, and enforcement.  If the EU emerges out of the “constitution crisis” energized as a stronger political community, the Common Fisheries Policy may well be an area for enhanced attention.  But the questions of ... (pp.2-3)
Global Fisheries in Crisis
Our global fisheries are in a parlous state.  Systematic overfishing of commercial species combined with the “bycatch” of unmarketable fish and sea mammals has left our oceans and seas gravely depleted: “The FAO has estimated that about ... (pp.4-7)
Environmental Policies and Programs in the European Union
The EU’s progress on common environmental policies is commendable, but implementation due to domestic economic and social concerns remains limited in key areas beyond the “green” members.  One can see this in all of the main areas of EU environmental progress.  Peterson and Bomberg (1999, pp. 173-185) point to more than ... (pp.7-10)
The EU’s Common Fisheries Policy
Initial steps toward a Common Fisheries Policy (CFP)  were taken in 1970 in response to provisions in the original Treaty of Rome, Article 38.  The initial measures set rules for access to fishing grounds, markets and structures. It was agreed that, in principle, EU fishermen should have equal access to ... (pp.10-13)
Action Plans adopted since the 2002 Reforms

• sustainable development of European aquaculture ( 125 Kb).
• the integration of environmental protection
  requirements into the CFP ( 35 Kb).
• the eradication of illegal fishing ( 48 Kb) in order to ensure sustainable fisheries beyond ... (pp.13-16)
  

The Eastern Mediterranean Basin: Legal Framework
The Aegean Disputes
A continuing core disagreement between Greece and Turkey centers on rights over the Aegean Sea, namely: a) the extent of the territorial waters, b) the extent of national airspace, c) EEZs and the limits of the continental shelf, and d) national claims to some disputed islands and the ... (pp.15-21)
The Turkish Straits and the Black Sea
The Straits of the Bosporus and the Dardanelles as well as the Sea of Marmara (collectively “the Turkish Straits”)  might appear to be “internal waters” of Turkey, but access to them is regulated by the Treaty of  Montreux (1936),which guarantees that they must ... (pp.21-26)
Enforcement, Monitoring and Control
As admitted in a key EU Commission document on the common fisheries policy,

The effective implementation of conservation measures continues to be eroded by shortcomings in the enforcement, monitoring and control of CFP rules by a number of Member States.  This, in turn is undermining progress towards sustainable fisheries, and thus the future of the Community fishing industry itself.
 (http://ec.europa.eu/fisheries/efp/control_enforcement
/scoreboard_en.htm)